Energy & Kardashev
Miniaturized atomic power on every world
How do we power our world?
Start with the big picture. Open the sections below to see the evidence and future goals.
Steps toward the future
Explore the milestone ladder
- nowCooperativeFossil-dominated grid (86% of primary energy)LEVEL 2
- doneCooperativeRenewables overtake coal in electricity2025LEVEL 2
- doneCooperativeFusion ignition, Q > 1Dec 2022LEVEL 2
- nextCooperativeFusion pilot plant on the grid (Helion / CFS ARC)2028–early 2030sLEVEL 2
- plannedCooperativeITER full deuterium–tritium operation2039LEVEL 3
- farCooperativeKardashev Type I — harness all sunlight reaching Earth~2,000× today's powerLEVEL 4
- farGalacticCompact nuclear power systemsLEVEL 4
- farGalacticKardashev Type II: a star's full outputLEVEL 4
- farGalacticGalactic energy economyLEVEL 4
Human dimensions
Architecture & living spaces ↗
Related measures within Humanity.
Resources & nature
Explore planetary boundaries, renewable energy, mineral supply, forest change and species conservation, with source dates and scope.
Open resources dashboard ↗Action path
This near-term path is shared with the corresponding Cooperative track.
Level 2: >50% clean electricity; first fusion plant on the grid
Explore the possible steps
Possible steps
- Overbuild solar + storage (solar generation +30% in 2025)
- Electrify heat and transport to absorb it
- Fusion pilots prove the second half (Helion 2028, CFS ARC early 2030s)
- Clean share crosses 50%
Grid interconnection and permitting, not generation — the approved-but-unconnected queue
Fission renaissance carries base load if fusion slips: China's build rate plus Western SMR fleets
What to watch
GW of solar and storage connected per year; first fusion plant's Q and uptime
Related snapshot measures
These are the available measures in the supplied dataset; they may be proxies for the leading indicators above.
K is logarithmic: Level 3's K ≥ 0.85 needs ~16× today's power. The near-term score is the clean share.
A scenario from the supplied handoff, not a prediction or professional advice.
New here? What the labels mean
Reported fact
A number from a named source. Check when, where and what it measures.
Model or score
A way to compare things using chosen rules. Different rules can give different scores.
Future goal or scenario
Something we hope to achieve, or imagine might happen. It is not a measured fact.
- Milestone
- An important step toward a goal.
- Indicator
- A measurement that helps us understand something.
- Dependency
- Something that may need help from something else.
- Biodiversity
- The variety of living things.
- GW
- Gigawatts: a unit of power. Capacity is what equipment can produce at its rated output.